The utility of coping through emotional approach: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine associations between attempts to cope with stressors through the two facets of emotional approach coping (EAC; i.e., processing and expressing stressor-related emotions) and indicators of physical and mental health. METHOD: EBSCO databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Collections were searched from inception to November 2022. In all, 86 studies were included in a meta-analytic evaluation using a random-effects model and meta-regression analysis. RESULTS: EAC was associated with better overall health (r = .05; p = .04; 95% confidence interval = [.003, .10]). Emotional expression (EE) and emotional processing (EP) also were positively associated with better overall health, although these relationships were not statistically significant. In meta-regressions examining specific health domains, EAC was linked to better health in biological/physiological, physical, and resilience-related psychological adjustment domains, as well as to worse outcomes in the risk-related psychological adjustment and mental/emotional distress domains. Results for EE and EP mirrored this pattern; however, only EP was associated with more engagement in health-promoting behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Coping with stressors through emotional approach appears to be associated with better mental and physical health, with some observed differences for EE and EP. The literature on EAC and health is marked by heterogeneity across study methodologies and measures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Healthcare providers' perceptions about the unmet needs of their patients with cancer across healthcare systems: results of the International Psycho-Oncology Society survivorship survey.

OBJECTIVE: Systematic understanding of patients' unmet needs is essential for providing effective supportive care. This study sought to compare the unmet needs of patients with cancer identified by health care providers (HCPs) among four major healthcare systems. METHODS: HCPs (n = 247) participated in the International Psycho-Oncology Society (IPOS) Survivorship Online Survey, evaluating their patients' unmet needs. The country of HCPs was grouped into four major healthcare systems: Beveridge model, Bismarck model, National Health Insurance model, and out-of-pocket model. RESULTS: Most HCPs were from countries with the Bismarck model. Substantial levels (> 50%) of unmet needs in all domains are reported across the four healthcare systems. Pediatric patients/survivors living in countries under out-of-pocket healthcare model were evaluated to have less unmet needs for managing decline in physical or cognitive functioning and insomnia/sleep difficulty/fatigue, than those in countries under Beveridge, Bismarck, and National Health Insurance models. Moreover, middle-aged patients/survivors under Beveridge and National Health Insurance models were likely to have greater unmet needs for dealing with cancer-related financial concerns than those under Bismarck model. CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable insights into the unmet needs of patients with cancer in different healthcare systems, highlighting the significance of targeted interventions to address the unique needs of patients across diverse healthcare systems. Further investigation is warranted to identify the system factors associated with patients' unmet needs, enabling the development of effective healthcare policies and interventions to comprehensively address the multifaceted needs of patients with cancer.

Curvilinear prediction of posttraumatic growth on quality of life: a five-wave longitudinal investigation of breast cancer survivors.

PURPOSE: Do cancer survivors experience positive changes (i.e., posttraumatic growth; PTG) resulting in better quality of life? The issue has yet to yield consistent notions. This longitudinal study extends the literature on the role of PTG by examining the curvilinear relationship between PTG and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), and explored whether PTG predicts subsequent HRQoL in a quadratic relationship across 2 years following surgery. METHODS: Women with breast cancer (N = 359; Mage = 47.5) were assessed at five waves over two years. On every measurement occasion, PTG measured by the posttraumatic growth inventory and HRQoL measured by SF-36 were assessed. The five waves reflect major medical demands and related challenges in the breast cancer trajectory, in which 1-day, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after surgery were adopted as the survey timing. In a series of hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses, the time-lagged predictions of PTG (i.e., linear, quadratic) on HRQoL were examined, controlling demographic and medical covariates. RESULTS: The results revealed that the quadratic term of PTG consistently significantly predicted physical and mental health quality of life (PCS and MCS), while the linear term of PTG did not significantly predict PCS or MCS. CONCLUSION: With multi-wave longitudinal data, this study demonstrated that the relationship between PTG and HRQoL is curvilinear, and this finding extends to PTG's prediction of subsequent HRQoL. The quadratic relationship has critical implications for clinical assessment and intervention. Details are discussed.

Goal-Focused Emotion-Regulation Therapy (GET) in Young Adult Testicular Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Young adult testicular cancer survivors experience adverse impacts after treatment. We developed Goal-focused Emotion-regulation Therapy (GET) to improve distress symptoms, emotion regulation, and goal navigation skills. PURPOSE: This pilot study examined GET versus an active control intervention in young adult survivors of testicular cancer. METHODS: Seventy-five eligible survivors treated with chemotherapy were randomized to receive GET or Individual Supportive Listening (ISL). Study acceptability, engagement, and tolerability were examined, and intervention fidelity and therapeutic alliance were compared between arms. Preliminary efficacy was evaluated by effect sizes for between-group changes in primary (anxiety and depressive symptoms) and secondary (career confusion, goal navigation, and emotion regulation) outcomes from baseline to immediately and 3-month post-intervention. RESULTS: Among the 38 men randomized to GET, 81.1% completed all study sessions compared with 82.4% of the 37 men assigned to ISL. Fidelity to the intervention was 87% in GET. Therapeutic alliance wassignificantly higher among those receiving GET versus ISL. Participants exhibited a medium group-by-time effect size with greater reductions in depressive (d = 0.45) and anxiety (d = 0.29) symptoms for those in GET versus ISL, with a similar pattern at 3 months for depressive (d = 0.46) and anxiety (d = 0.46) symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: GET is a feasible and acceptable intervention for reducing adverse outcomes after testicular cancer for young adults. Observed effect sizes preliminarily suggest meaningful change, though should be interpreted with caution in small samples. GET may be a developmentally-matched behavioral approach to improve psychosocial function in this cancer group. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04150848. Registered on October 28, 2019.

Young adult testicular cancer survivors experience adverse impacts after treatment. Goal-focused Emotion-regulation Therapy (GET) was developed to improve distress symptoms, emotion regulation, and goal navigation skills. The aim of this pilot study was to examine GET versus a control intervention in young adult survivors of testicular cancer. Seventy-five survivors were randomly assigned to GET or Individual Supportive Listening (ISL). Indictors of acceptability, engagement, and tolerability were examined, and intervention fidelity and therapeutic alliance were compared between groups. Between-group changes in primary (anxiety and depressive symptoms) and secondary (career confusion, goal navigation, and emotion regulation) outcomes from baseline to immediately and 3-month post-intervention were examined. Among GET participants, 81.1% completed all study sessions compared with 82.4% of those receiving ISL. Fidelity to the intervention was 87% in GET. Therapeutic alliance scores were significantly higher among those receiving GET. Participants exhibited greater reductions in depressive and anxiety symptoms for those in the GET versus ISL, with a similar pattern observed for changes at 3 months for depressive and anxiety symptoms. GET is a feasible and acceptable intervention for reducing adverse outcomes after testicular cancer for young adults.

Cancer Patients' Unmet Needs in Three Low- to Middle- Income Countries: Perspectives from Health Care Providers.

We sought to determine differences by low- and middle- income countries (Brazil, Romania, and Turkiye) on the degree to which health care providers (HCPs) note unmet needs among patients with cancer (N = 741). HCPs endorsed sexuality/intimacy and financial concerns as the most common. Investigating age differences in unmet needs between Brazil and Turkiye, were that should be targeted by. Results revealed that unmet needs to manage emotional distress were higher among older patients in Turkiye, whereas unmet needs to manage insomnia/fatigue were higher among pediatric patients in Brazil. Findings may guide the development of programs to address unmet needs among patients.

Healthcare professionals' perspectives on the unmet needs of cancer patients and family caregivers: global psycho-oncology investigation.

PURPOSE: This international study aimed to compare healthcare professionals' perspectives on the unmet needs of their cancer patients with those of family caregivers and to investigate the degree to which patients' age group moderates the associations. METHODS: Healthcare professionals involved in the care for cancer patients and their family caregivers were invited to participate in the International Psycho-Oncology Society (IPOS) Survivorship Online Survey. A total of 397 healthcare professionals from 34 countries provided valid study data. The participants evaluated whether the unmet need was the same for all age groups of patients and the degree of their patients' needs not being met per patients' age group. They evaluated the same questions for family caregivers. RESULTS: Patients' unmet needs in medical care were evaluated as greater than those of caregivers across all age groups. On the other hand, pediatric patients' unmet needs for spiritual concerns, sexuality/intimacy, and insomnia/fatigue were evaluated as greater than those of caregivers, whereas adolescent and young adult patients' unmet needs for symptom management were greater than those of caregivers. Patients' other unmet needs were evaluated as comparable with those of caregivers regardless of age groups. CONCLUSION: The findings provide insights how best healthcare providers stratify resources to address the unmet needs of patients and caregivers by the patients' age. Development of systematic assessment of unmet needs and provision of interventions tailored for patients' lifespan to address the unmet needs of cancer patients, and caregivers are warranted.

The Double-Edged Sword of Reflective Pondering: The Role of State and Trait Reflective Pondering in Predicting Depressive Symptoms Among Women With Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Prior research has debated whether reflective pondering is a more constructive form of rumination than brooding, which is generally considered maladaptive. This study sought to investigate whether reflective pondering predicts depressive symptoms and whether reflective pondering is adaptive under certain conditions. We predicted that the effectiveness of reflective pondering could depend on concurrent coping strategies and the trait-state distinction. METHOD: Women with breast cancer (N = 309; M age = 47.5) were assessed at four waves over 2 years. A time-lagged design was applied, with rumination (i.e., brooding and reflective pondering) and coping (i.e., engagement and disengagement) measured from T1 to T3, predicting depressive symptoms assessed from T2 to T4. These variables were measured by the Ruminative Response Scale, the Brief COPE, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RESULTS: Using hierarchical linear modeling, brooding, but not reflective pondering, predicted elevated depressive symptoms at both between- and within-person levels. The relationship between reflective pondering and depression was moderated by the coping strategies. Individual differences in reflective pondering predicted worse depressive symptoms, but higher use of engagement coping mitigated the detrimental effect. Within individuals, the co-occurrence of reflective pondering and disengagement coping predicted a subsequent decrease in depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The emerging role of reflective pondering in the face of breast cancer-related stress appears to be a double-edged sword. Its impact on depression may depend on concurrent coping strategies and whether reflective pondering is assessed at state and trait levels.

Goal-Focused Emotion-Regulation Therapy (GET) for young adult survivors of testicular cancer: a pilot randomized controlled trial of a biobehavioral intervention protocol.

BACKGROUND: Testicular cancer diagnosis and treatment, especially given its threat to sexuality and reproductive health, can be distressing in the formative period of young adulthood and the majority of young survivors experience impairing, distressing, and modifiable adverse outcomes that can persist long after medical treatment. These include psychological distress, impairment in pursuit of life goals, persistent physical side effects, elevated risk of secondary malignancies and chronic illness, and biobehavioral burden (e.g., enhanced inflammation, dysregulated diurnal stress hormones). However, few targeted interventions exist to assist young survivors in renegotiating life goals and regulating cancer-related emotions, and none focus on reducing the burden of morbidity via biobehavioral mechanisms. This paper describes the methodology of a randomized controlled biobehavioral trial designed to investigate the feasibility and preliminary impact of a novel intervention, Goal-focused Emotion-Regulation Therapy (GET), aimed at improving distress symptoms, emotion regulation, goal navigation skills, and stress-sensitive biomarkers in young adult testicular cancer patients. METHODS: Participants will be randomized to receive six sessions of GET or Individual Supportive Therapy (ISP) delivered over 8 weeks. In addition to indicators of intervention feasibility, we will measure primary (depressive and anxiety symptoms) and secondary (emotion regulation and goal navigation skills, career confusion) psychological outcomes prior to (T0), immediately after (T1), and 12 weeks after (T2) intervention. Additionally, identified biomarkers will be measured at baseline and at T2. DISCUSSION: GET may have the potential to improve self-regulation across biobehavioral domains, improve overall cancer adjustment, and address the need for targeted supportive care interventions for young adult cancer survivors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04150848. Registered on 28 October 2019.

Emotional approach coping in older adults as predictor of physical and mental health.

Emotional approach coping involves active attempts at emotional expression and processing in response to stressful circumstances. This study tested whether dispositional emotional approach coping processes predict changes in physical and mental health in community-dwelling older adults, particularly within the context of higher perceived stress. To test this, older adults (N = 150) completed assessments of emotional expression and emotional processing at study entry. They also completed measures of perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and ill-health (a composite of subjective and objective physical health indicators, which included blood draw for collection of biomarkers), every 6 months over 4.5 years. Emotional processing and emotional expression were not related significantly to ill-health at study entry. However, emotional processing (but not emotional expression) significantly predicted changes in ill-health. At higher levels of emotional processing, ill-health remained low and stable; at lower levels of emotional processing, ill-health increased over time. However, when perceived stress was high, higher emotional processing and emotional expression were related to lower depressive symptoms at study entry, but higher emotional processing was associated with increasing depressive symptoms over time. Emotional approach coping processes evidence prospective relations with health outcomes, which are partially conditioned by stress perceptions. Emotional processing appears to have a protective impact against declining physical health. Predictive relationships for depressive symptoms are more complex. Older adults with chronically high perceived stress might benefit from interventions that target emotion-regulating coping processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Cancer-related masculinity threat in young adults with testicular cancer: the moderating role of benefit finding.

Background and Objectives: Perceiving benefit from a health-related stressor such as cancer has been associated with better psychological adjustment in various cancer populations; however, it has not been studied in the context of young adulthood or gender-related cancer threat. This study investigated the role of benefit finding in psychological adjustment among young adults with testicular cancer, and whether BF moderates cancer-related masculine threat.Design: This study utilizes a cross-sectional design with a diverse sample of young adult testicular cancer survivors.Methods: Men with a history of testicular cancer (N = 171; M age = 25.2, SD = 3.32) completed questionnaires of benefit finding, cancer-related masculine threat, and indicators of psychological adjustment.Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that cancer-related masculine threat was associated with worse adjustment across indicators and that benefit finding was related to higher positive affect and lower depressive symptoms. Benefit finding attenuated the potentially adverse effect of cancer-related masculine threat on negative affect and depressive symptoms such that cancer-related masculine threat demonstrated a stronger association with negative affect and depressive symptoms for people with relatively low BF.Conclusions: For young adult men with testicular cancer, finding benefit appears to promote well-being in the face of masculine cancer threat.

Regret about surgical decisions among early-stage breast cancer patients: Effects of the congruence between patients' preferred and actual decision-making roles.

OBJECTIVE: Early-stage breast cancer patients generally receive either a mastectomy or a lumpectomy, either by their own choice or that of their surgeon. Sometimes, there is regret about the decision afterward. To better understand regret about surgical decisions, this study examined 2 possibilities: The first is that women who take a dominant or collaborative role in decision making about the surgery express less regret afterward. The second is that congruence between preferred role and actual role predicts less regret. We also explored whether disease stage moderates the relationship between role congruence and decisional regret. METHODS: In a cross-sectional design, 154 women diagnosed with breast cancer completed a survey assessing decisional role preference and actual decisional role, a measure of post-decision regret, and a measure of disturbances related to breast cancer treatment. Hierarchical regression was used to investigate prediction of decisional regret. RESULTS: Role congruence, not actual decisional role, was significantly associated with less decisional regret, independent of all the control variables. The interaction between disease stage and role congruence was also significant, showing that mismatch relates to regret only in women with more advanced disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that cancer patients could benefit from tailored decision support concerning their decisional role preferences in the complex scenario of medical and personal factors during the surgical decision.

Buffering and direct effect of posttraumatic growth in predicting distress following cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Evidence regarding post traumatic growth (PTG) as a predictor of future reductions in distress has been inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to examine this relationship in a multiple-observation prospective study, to provide a more rigorous test of prediction over time. This longitudinal study extended previous work by taking into account perceptions of vulnerability and explored the buffering role of PTG on the links between vulnerability and psychological distress. We also explored whether individual differences in demographic and medical characteristics moderate the relationship of interests. METHOD: Participants were 312 Taiwanese women (Mage = 46.7 years) who underwent surgery for breast cancer. Measures of PTG, perceived vulnerability, and distress were assessed at Day 1 and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to investigate whether PTG and vulnerability and their interaction predicted distress over time. RESULTS: A significant direct effect of PTG on distress was found: higher PTG was followed by lower distress. Analysis also yielded a significant buffering effect of PTG on vulnerability leading to distress. However, this effect was moderated by type of surgery. The buffering effect of PTG occurred only among women having mastectomy. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that PTG tends to lead to less psychological distress overall but particularly so in a high impact context. (PsycINFO Database Record

Identification of posttraumatic growth trajectories in the first year after breast cancer surgery.

BACKGROUND: Empirical studies of the relationship between posttraumatic growth (PTG) and adjustment outcomes reveal a fairly inconclusive picture. We argue that the inconsistent findings are likely due to the heterogeneity of the PTG experience over time. In this regard, we predicted that individuals with different PTG trajectories vary in the level of adjustment and the correlational patterns between PTG and adjustment. METHODS: Participants were 124 Taiwanese women who underwent surgery for breast cancer. Measures of PTG and adjustment variables, including positive affect, negative affect, mental and physical quality of life, anxiety, and depression, were assessed at 1 day and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. A group-based trajectory model was used to identify subpopulations of individuals who shared homogenous growth patterns. Then, we determined whether the trajectory predicted adjustment at 12 months after surgery. The correlations between PTG and adjustment outcomes were computed in each subpopulation across every time point. RESULTS: The patients were categorized into the following four groups, which showed very different patterns of PTG change over the first year after breast cancer surgery: stable high (27.4%), high decreasing (39.4%), low increasing (16.9%), and low decreasing (16.9%). Differences in the level of adjustment at 12 months and the patterns of the correlations across time were found among these latent subgroups CONCLUSIONS: This study was the first longitudinal examination of PTG trajectories and their different levels of adjustment. The findings support our argument that identifying distinct PTG trajectories can better determine the nature of the relationship between PTG and adjustment.